Specimen
In order to further extend the possibilities of use of the Maax typeface, we have added an IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) phonetic version, useful for the composition of linguistic works. Like all IPA typefaces, this version of Maax only exists in Regular style.
This phonetic version adds to the fact that the Maax typeface is appreciated by graphic designers and publishers for its great versatility. On its own, it can be used for many purposes and situations. There is no need to change the typeface or combine it with a second one when specific characters are needed. Maax IPA completes the Maax type family, which already possessed a number of different variants.
1 Style
Roman
ˈælfəbˌɛt ɪn 1886 ə grup əv frɛnʧ ənd ˈbrtɪʃ ˈlŋgwəʤ ˈtʧərz lɛd baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈlŋgwɪst pɔl passy fɔrmd wət wʊd bi noʊn frəm 1897 ˈaanwərdz æz ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ˌihntərˌnʃəˈnl ðɛr ˈihɪʤənəl ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz beɪst ɑn ə ˈsplɪŋ rəˈfrm fɔr ˈihŋglɪʃ noʊn æz ðə romic ˈaelfəˌehɛt bət tu meɪk ɪt ˈyzəbəl fɔr ˈahðər ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðə ˈvljuz əv ðə ˈsmbəlz wər əˈawaʊd tu ˈvri frəm ˈlŋgwəʤ tu ˈlŋgwəʤ. fɔr ɪgˈzmpəl ðə saʊnd ʃ ðə sh ɪn ʃu wɑz ˈihɪʤənəli ˌrprəˈzntəd wɪð ðə ˈltər (c) ɪn ˈihŋglɪʃ bət wɪð ðə digraph (ch) ɪn frɛnʧ ɪn 1888 ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz rɪˈvzd soʊ æz tu bi ˈynəˌfrm əkˈaoɔs ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðəs prəˈvdɪŋ ðə beɪs fɔr ɔl ˈfjʧər riˈvʒənz ðə aɪˈiyiə əv ˈmkɪŋ ðə ipa wɑz fərst səˈehɛstəd baɪ ˈaaˌowoʊ ˈjhspərsən ɪn ə ˈltər tu pɔl passy ɪt wɑz dɪˈvləpt baɪ ˌaelɪgˈzndər ʤɑn ˈehlɪs ˈhhnri swit ˈdnjəl ʤoʊnz ənd passy. sɪns ɪts krˈeyeɪʃən ðə ipa hæz ˌahndərˈaoɔn ə ˈnmbər əv riˈvʒənz ˈaeftər riˈvʒənz ənd ɪkˈspnʃənz frəm ðə 1890s tu ðə 1940s ðə ipa rɪˈmnd praɪˈmrəli əˈnʧnʤd əˈntl ðə kil kənˈvnʃən ɪn 1989 ə ˈmnər riˈvʒən tʊk pleɪs ɪn 1993 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv fɔr ˈltərz fɔr mɪd ˈsntrəl vowels[2 ənd ðə rɪˈmvəl əv ˈltərz fɔr ˈvsləs implosives ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz læst rɪˈvzd ɪn meɪ 2005 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv ə ˈltər fɔr ə labiodental flæp. əˈaaɑrt frəm ðə əˈihɪʃən ənd rɪˈmvəl əv ˈsmbəlz ˈchnʤəz tu ðə ipa hæv kənˈsstəd ˈlrʤli əv riˈnmɪŋ ˈsmbəlz ənd ˈktəˌaoɔriz ənd ɪn ˈmdəˌfɪŋ ˈtpˌfsəz. ɪkˈstnʃənz tu ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk ˈaelfəˌehɛt fɔr spiʧ pəˈthləʤi extipa wər krˈeyeɪtəd ɪn 1990 ənd wər əˈfʃəli əˈaaɑptəd baɪ ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl ˈklnəkəl fəˈntɪks ənd lɪŋgˈwstɪks əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ɪn 1994. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would be known from 1897 onwards as the International Phonetic Association. Their original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but to make it usable for other languages the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language. For example, the sound [ʃ] (the sh in shoe) was originally represented with the letter (c) in English, but with the digraph (ch) in French. In 1888, the alphabet was revised so as to be uniform across languages, thus providing the base for all future revisions. The idea of making the IPA was first suggested by Otto Jespersen in a letter to Paul Passy. It was developed by Alexander John Ellis, Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and Passy. Since its creation, the IPA has undergone a number of revisions. After revisions and expansions from the 1890s to the 1940s, the IPA remained primarily unchanged until the Kiel Convention in 1989. A minor revision took place in 1993 with the addition of four letters for mid central vowels[2] and the removal of letters for voiceless implosives. The alphabet was last revised in May 2005 with the addition of a letter for a labiodental flap. Apart from the addition and removal of symbols, changes to the IPA have consisted largely of renaming symbols and categories and in modifying typefaces. Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for speech pathology (extIPA) were created in 1990 and were officially adopted by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in 1994. ɪn 1886 ə grup əv frɛnʧ ənd ˈbrtɪʃ ˈlŋgwəʤ ˈtʧərz lɛd baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈlŋgwɪst pɔl passy fɔrmd wət wʊd bi noʊn frəm 1897 ˈaanwərdz æz ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ˌihntərˌnʃəˈnl ðɛr ˈihɪʤənəl ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz beɪst ɑn ə ˈsplɪŋ rəˈfrm fɔr ˈihŋglɪʃ noʊn æz ðə romic ˈaelfəˌehɛt bət tu meɪk ɪt ˈyzəbəl fɔr ˈahðər ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðə ˈvljuz əv ðə ˈsmbəlz wər əˈawaʊd tu ˈvri frəm ˈlŋgwəʤ tu ˈlŋgwəʤ. fɔr ɪgˈzmpəl ðə saʊnd ʃ ðə sh ɪn ʃu wɑz ˈihɪʤənəli ˌrprəˈzntəd wɪð ðə ˈltər (c) ɪn ˈihŋglɪʃ bət wɪð ðə digraph (ch) ɪn frɛnʧ ɪn 1888 ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz rɪˈvzd soʊ æz tu bi ˈynəˌfrm əkˈaoɔs ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðəs prəˈvdɪŋ ðə beɪs fɔr ɔl ˈfjʧər riˈvʒənz ðə aɪˈiyiə əv ˈmkɪŋ ðə ipa wɑz fərst səˈehɛstəd baɪ ˈaaˌowoʊ ˈjhspərsən ɪn ə ˈltər tu pɔl passy ɪt wɑz dɪˈvləpt baɪ ˌaelɪgˈzndər ʤɑn ˈehlɪs ˈhhnri swit ˈdnjəl ʤoʊnz ənd passy. sɪns ɪts krˈeyeɪʃən ðə ipa hæz ˌahndərˈaoɔn ə ˈnmbər əv riˈvʒənz ˈaeftər riˈvʒənz ənd ɪkˈspnʃənz frəm ðə 1890s tu ðə 1940s ðə ipa rɪˈmnd praɪˈmrəli əˈnʧnʤd əˈntl ðə kil kənˈvnʃən ɪn 1989 ə ˈmnər riˈvʒən tʊk pleɪs ɪn 1993 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv fɔr ˈltərz fɔr mɪd ˈsntrəl vowels[2 ənd ðə rɪˈmvəl əv ˈltərz fɔr ˈvsləs implosives ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz læst rɪˈvzd ɪn meɪ 2005 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv ə ˈltər fɔr ə labiodental flæp. əˈaaɑrt frəm ðə əˈihɪʃən ənd rɪˈmvəl əv ˈsmbəlz ˈchnʤəz tu ðə ipa hæv kənˈsstəd ˈlrʤli əv riˈnmɪŋ ˈsmbəlz ənd ˈktəˌaoɔriz ənd ɪn ˈmdəˌfɪŋ ˈtpˌfsəz. ɪkˈstnʃənz tu ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk ˈaelfəˌehɛt fɔr spiʧ pəˈthləʤi extipa wər krˈeyeɪtəd ɪn 1990 ənd wər əˈfʃəli əˈaaɑptəd baɪ ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl ˈklnəkəl fəˈntɪks ənd lɪŋgˈwstɪks əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ɪn 1994. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would be known from 1897 onwards as the International Phonetic Association. Their original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but to make it usable for other languages the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language. For example, the sound [ʃ] (the sh in shoe) was originally represented with the letter (c) in English, but with the digraph (ch) in French. In 1888, the alphabet was revised so as to be uniform across languages, thus providing the base for all future revisions. The idea of making the IPA was first suggested by Otto Jespersen in a letter to Paul Passy. It was developed by Alexander John Ellis, Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and Passy. Since its creation, the IPA has undergone a number of revisions. After revisions and expansions from the 1890s to the 1940s, the IPA remained primarily unchanged until the Kiel Convention in 1989. A minor revision took place in 1993 with the addition of four letters for mid central vowels[2] and the removal of letters for voiceless implosives. The alphabet was last revised in May 2005 with the addition of a letter for a labiodental flap. Apart from the addition and removal of symbols, changes to the IPA have consisted largely of renaming symbols and categories and in modifying typefaces. Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for speech pathology (extIPA) were created in 1990 and were officially adopted by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in 1994.ˈælfəbˌɛt
ɪn 1886 ə grup əv frɛnʧ ənd ˈbrtɪʃ ˈlŋgwəʤ ˈtʧərz lɛd baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈlŋgwɪst pɔl passy fɔrmd wət wʊd bi noʊn frəm 1897 ˈaanwərdz æz ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ˌihntərˌnʃəˈnl ðɛr ˈihɪʤənəl ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz beɪst ɑn ə ˈsplɪŋ rəˈfrm fɔr ˈihŋglɪʃ noʊn æz ðə romic ˈaelfəˌehɛt bət tu meɪk ɪt ˈyzəbəl fɔr ˈahðər ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðə ˈvljuz əv ðə ˈsmbəlz wər əˈawaʊd tu ˈvri frəm ˈlŋgwəʤ tu ˈlŋgwəʤ. fɔr ɪgˈzmpəl ðə saʊnd ʃ ðə sh ɪn ʃu wɑz ˈihɪʤənəli ˌrprəˈzntəd wɪð ðə ˈltər (c) ɪn ˈihŋglɪʃ bət wɪð ðə digraph (ch) ɪn frɛnʧ ɪn 1888 ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz rɪˈvzd soʊ æz tu bi ˈynəˌfrm əkˈaoɔs ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðəs prəˈvdɪŋ ðə beɪs fɔr ɔl ˈfjʧər riˈvʒənz ðə aɪˈiyiə əv ˈmkɪŋ ðə ipa wɑz fərst səˈehɛstəd baɪ ˈaaˌowoʊ ˈjhspərsən ɪn ə ˈltər tu pɔl passy ɪt wɑz dɪˈvləpt baɪ ˌaelɪgˈzndər ʤɑn ˈehlɪs ˈhhnri swit ˈdnjəl ʤoʊnz ənd passy. sɪns ɪts krˈeyeɪʃən ðə ipa hæz ˌahndərˈaoɔn ə ˈnmbər əv riˈvʒənz ˈaeftər riˈvʒənz ənd ɪkˈspnʃənz frəm ðə 1890s tu ðə 1940s ðə ipa rɪˈmnd praɪˈmrəli əˈnʧnʤd əˈntl ðə kil kənˈvnʃən ɪn 1989 ə ˈmnər riˈvʒən tʊk pleɪs ɪn 1993 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv fɔr ˈltərz fɔr mɪd ˈsntrəl vowels[2 ənd ðə rɪˈmvəl əv ˈltərz fɔr ˈvsləs implosives ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz læst rɪˈvzd ɪn meɪ 2005 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv ə ˈltər fɔr ə labiodental flæp. əˈaaɑrt frəm ðə əˈihɪʃən ənd rɪˈmvəl əv ˈsmbəlz ˈchnʤəz tu ðə ipa hæv kənˈsstəd ˈlrʤli əv riˈnmɪŋ ˈsmbəlz ənd ˈktəˌaoɔriz ənd ɪn ˈmdəˌfɪŋ ˈtpˌfsəz. ɪkˈstnʃənz tu ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk ˈaelfəˌehɛt fɔr spiʧ pəˈthləʤi extipa wər krˈeyeɪtəd ɪn 1990 ənd wər əˈfʃəli əˈaaɑptəd baɪ ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl ˈklnəkəl fəˈntɪks ənd lɪŋgˈwstɪks əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ɪn 1994. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would be known from 1897 onwards as the International Phonetic Association. Their original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but to make it usable for other languages the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language. For example, the sound [ʃ] (the sh in shoe) was originally represented with the letter (c) in English, but with the digraph (ch) in French. In 1888, the alphabet was revised so as to be uniform across languages, thus providing the base for all future revisions. The idea of making the IPA was first suggested by Otto Jespersen in a letter to Paul Passy. It was developed by Alexander John Ellis, Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and Passy. Since its creation, the IPA has undergone a number of revisions. After revisions and expansions from the 1890s to the 1940s, the IPA remained primarily unchanged until the Kiel Convention in 1989. A minor revision took place in 1993 with the addition of four letters for mid central vowels[2] and the removal of letters for voiceless implosives. The alphabet was last revised in May 2005 with the addition of a letter for a labiodental flap. Apart from the addition and removal of symbols, changes to the IPA have consisted largely of renaming symbols and categories and in modifying typefaces. Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for speech pathology (extIPA) were created in 1990 and were officially adopted by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in 1994. ɪn 1886 ə grup əv frɛnʧ ənd ˈbrtɪʃ ˈlŋgwəʤ ˈtʧərz lɛd baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈlŋgwɪst pɔl passy fɔrmd wət wʊd bi noʊn frəm 1897 ˈaanwərdz æz ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ˌihntərˌnʃəˈnl ðɛr ˈihɪʤənəl ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz beɪst ɑn ə ˈsplɪŋ rəˈfrm fɔr ˈihŋglɪʃ noʊn æz ðə romic ˈaelfəˌehɛt bət tu meɪk ɪt ˈyzəbəl fɔr ˈahðər ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðə ˈvljuz əv ðə ˈsmbəlz wər əˈawaʊd tu ˈvri frəm ˈlŋgwəʤ tu ˈlŋgwəʤ. fɔr ɪgˈzmpəl ðə saʊnd ʃ ðə sh ɪn ʃu wɑz ˈihɪʤənəli ˌrprəˈzntəd wɪð ðə ˈltər (c) ɪn ˈihŋglɪʃ bət wɪð ðə digraph (ch) ɪn frɛnʧ ɪn 1888 ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz rɪˈvzd soʊ æz tu bi ˈynəˌfrm əkˈaoɔs ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðəs prəˈvdɪŋ ðə beɪs fɔr ɔl ˈfjʧər riˈvʒənz ðə aɪˈiyiə əv ˈmkɪŋ ðə ipa wɑz fərst səˈehɛstəd baɪ ˈaaˌowoʊ ˈjhspərsən ɪn ə ˈltər tu pɔl passy ɪt wɑz dɪˈvləpt baɪ ˌaelɪgˈzndər ʤɑn ˈehlɪs ˈhhnri swit ˈdnjəl ʤoʊnz ənd passy. sɪns ɪts krˈeyeɪʃən ðə ipa hæz ˌahndərˈaoɔn ə ˈnmbər əv riˈvʒənz ˈaeftər riˈvʒənz ənd ɪkˈspnʃənz frəm ðə 1890s tu ðə 1940s ðə ipa rɪˈmnd praɪˈmrəli əˈnʧnʤd əˈntl ðə kil kənˈvnʃən ɪn 1989 ə ˈmnər riˈvʒən tʊk pleɪs ɪn 1993 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv fɔr ˈltərz fɔr mɪd ˈsntrəl vowels[2 ənd ðə rɪˈmvəl əv ˈltərz fɔr ˈvsləs implosives ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz læst rɪˈvzd ɪn meɪ 2005 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv ə ˈltər fɔr ə labiodental flæp. əˈaaɑrt frəm ðə əˈihɪʃən ənd rɪˈmvəl əv ˈsmbəlz ˈchnʤəz tu ðə ipa hæv kənˈsstəd ˈlrʤli əv riˈnmɪŋ ˈsmbəlz ənd ˈktəˌaoɔriz ənd ɪn ˈmdəˌfɪŋ ˈtpˌfsəz. ɪkˈstnʃənz tu ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk ˈaelfəˌehɛt fɔr spiʧ pəˈthləʤi extipa wər krˈeyeɪtəd ɪn 1990 ənd wər əˈfʃəli əˈaaɑptəd baɪ ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl ˈklnəkəl fəˈntɪks ənd lɪŋgˈwstɪks əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ɪn 1994. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would be known from 1897 onwards as the International Phonetic Association. Their original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but to make it usable for other languages the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language. For example, the sound [ʃ] (the sh in shoe) was originally represented with the letter (c) in English, but with the digraph (ch) in French. In 1888, the alphabet was revised so as to be uniform across languages, thus providing the base for all future revisions. The idea of making the IPA was first suggested by Otto Jespersen in a letter to Paul Passy. It was developed by Alexander John Ellis, Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and Passy. Since its creation, the IPA has undergone a number of revisions. After revisions and expansions from the 1890s to the 1940s, the IPA remained primarily unchanged until the Kiel Convention in 1989. A minor revision took place in 1993 with the addition of four letters for mid central vowels[2] and the removal of letters for voiceless implosives. The alphabet was last revised in May 2005 with the addition of a letter for a labiodental flap. Apart from the addition and removal of symbols, changes to the IPA have consisted largely of renaming symbols and categories and in modifying typefaces. Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for speech pathology (extIPA) were created in 1990 and were officially adopted by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in 1994.ɪn 1886 ə grup
ɪn 1886 ə grup əv frɛnʧ ənd ˈbrtɪʃ ˈlŋgwəʤ ˈtʧərz lɛd baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈlŋgwɪst pɔl passy fɔrmd wət wʊd bi noʊn frəm 1897 ˈaanwərdz æz ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ˌihntərˌnʃəˈnl ðɛr ˈihɪʤənəl ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz beɪst ɑn ə ˈsplɪŋ rəˈfrm fɔr ˈihŋglɪʃ noʊn æz ðə romic ˈaelfəˌehɛt bət tu meɪk ɪt ˈyzəbəl fɔr ˈahðər ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðə ˈvljuz əv ðə ˈsmbəlz wər əˈawaʊd tu ˈvri frəm ˈlŋgwəʤ tu ˈlŋgwəʤ. fɔr ɪgˈzmpəl ðə saʊnd ʃ ðə sh ɪn ʃu wɑz ˈihɪʤənəli ˌrprəˈzntəd wɪð ðə ˈltər (c) ɪn ˈihŋglɪʃ bət wɪð ðə digraph (ch) ɪn frɛnʧ ɪn 1888 ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz rɪˈvzd soʊ æz tu bi ˈynəˌfrm əkˈaoɔs ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðəs prəˈvdɪŋ ðə beɪs fɔr ɔl ˈfjʧər riˈvʒənz ðə aɪˈiyiə əv ˈmkɪŋ ðə ipa wɑz fərst səˈehɛstəd baɪ ˈaaˌowoʊ ˈjhspərsən ɪn ə ˈltər tu pɔl passy ɪt wɑz dɪˈvləpt baɪ ˌaelɪgˈzndər ʤɑn ˈehlɪs ˈhhnri swit ˈdnjəl ʤoʊnz ənd passy. sɪns ɪts krˈeyeɪʃən ðə ipa hæz ˌahndərˈaoɔn ə ˈnmbər əv riˈvʒənz ˈaeftər riˈvʒənz ənd ɪkˈspnʃənz frəm ðə 1890s tu ðə 1940s ðə ipa rɪˈmnd praɪˈmrəli əˈnʧnʤd əˈntl ðə kil kənˈvnʃən ɪn 1989 ə ˈmnər riˈvʒən tʊk pleɪs ɪn 1993 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv fɔr ˈltərz fɔr mɪd ˈsntrəl vowels[2 ənd ðə rɪˈmvəl əv ˈltərz fɔr ˈvsləs implosives ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz læst rɪˈvzd ɪn meɪ 2005 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv ə ˈltər fɔr ə labiodental flæp. əˈaaɑrt frəm ðə əˈihɪʃən ənd rɪˈmvəl əv ˈsmbəlz ˈchnʤəz tu ðə ipa hæv kənˈsstəd ˈlrʤli əv riˈnmɪŋ ˈsmbəlz ənd ˈktəˌaoɔriz ənd ɪn ˈmdəˌfɪŋ ˈtpˌfsəz. ɪkˈstnʃənz tu ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk ˈaelfəˌehɛt fɔr spiʧ pəˈthləʤi extipa wər krˈeyeɪtəd ɪn 1990 ənd wər əˈfʃəli əˈaaɑptəd baɪ ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl ˈklnəkəl fəˈntɪks ənd lɪŋgˈwstɪks əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ɪn 1994. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would be known from 1897 onwards as the International Phonetic Association. Their original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but to make it usable for other languages the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language. For example, the sound [ʃ] (the sh in shoe) was originally represented with the letter (c) in English, but with the digraph (ch) in French. In 1888, the alphabet was revised so as to be uniform across languages, thus providing the base for all future revisions. The idea of making the IPA was first suggested by Otto Jespersen in a letter to Paul Passy. It was developed by Alexander John Ellis, Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and Passy. Since its creation, the IPA has undergone a number of revisions. After revisions and expansions from the 1890s to the 1940s, the IPA remained primarily unchanged until the Kiel Convention in 1989. A minor revision took place in 1993 with the addition of four letters for mid central vowels[2] and the removal of letters for voiceless implosives. The alphabet was last revised in May 2005 with the addition of a letter for a labiodental flap. Apart from the addition and removal of symbols, changes to the IPA have consisted largely of renaming symbols and categories and in modifying typefaces. Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for speech pathology (extIPA) were created in 1990 and were officially adopted by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in 1994. ɪn 1886 ə grup əv frɛnʧ ənd ˈbrtɪʃ ˈlŋgwəʤ ˈtʧərz lɛd baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈlŋgwɪst pɔl passy fɔrmd wət wʊd bi noʊn frəm 1897 ˈaanwərdz æz ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ˌihntərˌnʃəˈnl ðɛr ˈihɪʤənəl ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz beɪst ɑn ə ˈsplɪŋ rəˈfrm fɔr ˈihŋglɪʃ noʊn æz ðə romic ˈaelfəˌehɛt bət tu meɪk ɪt ˈyzəbəl fɔr ˈahðər ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðə ˈvljuz əv ðə ˈsmbəlz wər əˈawaʊd tu ˈvri frəm ˈlŋgwəʤ tu ˈlŋgwəʤ. fɔr ɪgˈzmpəl ðə saʊnd ʃ ðə sh ɪn ʃu wɑz ˈihɪʤənəli ˌrprəˈzntəd wɪð ðə ˈltər (c) ɪn ˈihŋglɪʃ bət wɪð ðə digraph (ch) ɪn frɛnʧ ɪn 1888 ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz rɪˈvzd soʊ æz tu bi ˈynəˌfrm əkˈaoɔs ˈlŋgwəʤəz ðəs prəˈvdɪŋ ðə beɪs fɔr ɔl ˈfjʧər riˈvʒənz ðə aɪˈiyiə əv ˈmkɪŋ ðə ipa wɑz fərst səˈehɛstəd baɪ ˈaaˌowoʊ ˈjhspərsən ɪn ə ˈltər tu pɔl passy ɪt wɑz dɪˈvləpt baɪ ˌaelɪgˈzndər ʤɑn ˈehlɪs ˈhhnri swit ˈdnjəl ʤoʊnz ənd passy. sɪns ɪts krˈeyeɪʃən ðə ipa hæz ˌahndərˈaoɔn ə ˈnmbər əv riˈvʒənz ˈaeftər riˈvʒənz ənd ɪkˈspnʃənz frəm ðə 1890s tu ðə 1940s ðə ipa rɪˈmnd praɪˈmrəli əˈnʧnʤd əˈntl ðə kil kənˈvnʃən ɪn 1989 ə ˈmnər riˈvʒən tʊk pleɪs ɪn 1993 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv fɔr ˈltərz fɔr mɪd ˈsntrəl vowels[2 ənd ðə rɪˈmvəl əv ˈltərz fɔr ˈvsləs implosives ðə ˈaelfəˌehɛt wɑz læst rɪˈvzd ɪn meɪ 2005 wɪð ðə əˈihɪʃən əv ə ˈltər fɔr ə labiodental flæp. əˈaaɑrt frəm ðə əˈihɪʃən ənd rɪˈmvəl əv ˈsmbəlz ˈchnʤəz tu ðə ipa hæv kənˈsstəd ˈlrʤli əv riˈnmɪŋ ˈsmbəlz ənd ˈktəˌaoɔriz ənd ɪn ˈmdəˌfɪŋ ˈtpˌfsəz. ɪkˈstnʃənz tu ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl fəˈntɪk ˈaelfəˌehɛt fɔr spiʧ pəˈthləʤi extipa wər krˈeyeɪtəd ɪn 1990 ənd wər əˈfʃəli əˈaaɑptəd baɪ ðə ˌihntərˈnʃənɑl ˈklnəkəl fəˈntɪks ənd lɪŋgˈwstɪks əˌssˈeyeɪʃən ɪn 1994. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would be known from 1897 onwards as the International Phonetic Association. Their original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but to make it usable for other languages the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language. For example, the sound [ʃ] (the sh in shoe) was originally represented with the letter (c) in English, but with the digraph (ch) in French. In 1888, the alphabet was revised so as to be uniform across languages, thus providing the base for all future revisions. The idea of making the IPA was first suggested by Otto Jespersen in a letter to Paul Passy. It was developed by Alexander John Ellis, Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and Passy. Since its creation, the IPA has undergone a number of revisions. After revisions and expansions from the 1890s to the 1940s, the IPA remained primarily unchanged until the Kiel Convention in 1989. A minor revision took place in 1993 with the addition of four letters for mid central vowels[2] and the removal of letters for voiceless implosives. The alphabet was last revised in May 2005 with the addition of a letter for a labiodental flap. Apart from the addition and removal of symbols, changes to the IPA have consisted largely of renaming symbols and categories and in modifying typefaces. Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for speech pathology (extIPA) were created in 1990 and were officially adopted by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in 1994.ɪn 1886 ə grup
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2
Basic Latin
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